Paulo Freire
1921 – 1997
Background Information:
- Born on September 19, 1921 in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Died on May 2, 1997 in Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- Suffered with poverty and hunger during the 1929 Great Depression.
- In school, ended up four grades behind.
- Stated that poverty and hunger affected his ability to learn, which influenced his
life’s work on improving lives of the poor.
- Enrolled in Law School at the University of Recife in 1943, where he also studied philosophy, specifically phenomenology, and the psychology of language.
- Began working as a teacher in secondary schools, rather than practicing law.
- Married Elza Maia Costa de Oliveira in 1944 and had five children.
Pedagogy Information:
Social Reform Theorist as it relates to Education.
Influenced by:
Karl Marx, Jean-Paul Sartre, Erich Fromm, Louis Althusser, Herbert Marcuse,
Ivan Illich, as well as others.
Theory Components:
- Wrote Pedagogy of the Oppressed (1970).
1. Distinguishes between the oppressor and the oppressed (unverified
Vladimir Lenin reference).
2. Education allows the oppressed to regain their humanity and
overcome their condition.
- Education is a political act that could not be divorced from pedagogy.
- Challenged tablua rasa and the “banking concepts” in education as methods of controlling thinking.
- Strong aversions to the traditional teacher-student dichotomy.
- Advocated the relationship in terms of a teacher who learns and a learner who
teaches as the basic roles in the classroom.
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